Urban low-carbon transition is crucial to China's achievement of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. By establishing a low-carbon urban development index system with universal applicability and scientific validity, we can quantitatively measure the current low-carbon development status of each pilot city, analyze its development characteristics, help dynamically assess the development progress of pilot cities, and put forward targeted models and realization pathways for urban low-carbon development. This book conducts research on relevant scientific issues in the low-carbon transition and development of Chinese cities to serve the major demand of the national "dual carbon" goals, and bears distinct characteristics of demand orientation, problem orientation and goal orientation. It analyzes key issues such as research on urban low-carbon development models and low-carbon development in typical cities, briefly discusses the research ideas, model methods and data processing for each issue, elaborates on the conclusions in detail, and puts forward valuable reference suggestions for China's urban low-carbon transition and sustainable development with a policy analysis orientation.