Global climate change is one of the most complex challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. One of the measures to mitigate climate change is to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, which poses new challenges to the way humans use energy, particularly fossil energy. As the world's largest developing country, the second largest energy producer and consumer, and the second largest carbon emitter after the United States, China's carbon emission issues have become a common focus of attention for both the domestic and international academic communities and governments. This report, from the perspective of energy utilization and carbon dioxide emissions, examines the relationship between energy use and CO₂ emissions, the characteristics of China's energy consumption and CO₂ emissions, the influencing factors of CO₂ emissions at different levels of economic development, the evolutionary features of CO₂ emissions in China's carbon-intensive sectors, the evolution of regional CO₂ emissions in China, the abatement capacity and impacts of CO₂ reduction technologies, CO₂ reduction policies, international carbon market mechanisms and their effects on emission reduction, and important issues such as the outlook for China's CO₂ emissions and effective pathways for carbon reduction. The annual China Energy Report series selects different themes according to changes in the domestic and international energy economic landscape, conducts targeted research with emphasis on empirical and policy-oriented analysis, and provides reference for relevant decision-makers. China Energy Report (2008): CO₂ Emissions Research is the second volume of the China Energy Report series. This book is suitable for government officials, business managers, faculty and students at universities, researchers, and practitioners in related fields working on energy and environmental issues.