This report draws on partial findings from the research project Strategic Studies on Upstream Scientific and Technological Development of China's Oil and Gas Industry, which falls under the key national 10th Five-Year S&T research initiative Research on Core Exploration and Development Technologies for Large and Medium-sized Domestic Oil and Gas Fields. It examines social demands for the sustainable growth of the oil and gas sector alongside relevant opportunities and challenges for China across geological, exploration, drilling, production, storage and transportation, coalbed methane, alternative energy, offshore oil and gas, and overseas hydrocarbon development technologies. The report outlines development trends and technical bottlenecks for domestic upstream oil and gas technologies, identifies priority technological areas, and addresses supporting safeguard measures. It enables governments, enterprises and researchers to gain a holistic understanding of upstream technological trends in the industry and offers references for evidence-based policymaking.